Introduction of Work-Premise and Nature of Business Activities

Buildings with a lot of people living in them, like Radiant Rise, need to have good crisis planning and readiness to lower risks and protect lives, property, and the safety of the company. The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) laid out the steps that were taken to make a strong Premise Emergency Response Plan (Premise-ERP) for the 68-story business office tower. This full report shows those steps. The report from the Premise Operation Director and Chairman of the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Committee looks at how the emergency planning group is set up. The WSH Committee keeps an eye on things, and the Emergency Planning Team plans and carries them out.

After a careful look at the risks, many dangerous situations were found that could affect Radiant Rise. Some of these were fires, explosions, accidents involving dangerous chemicals, terrorist threats, natural events like earthquakes, and bad weather. People looked at the building’s tier classification, how it was built, its fire safety systems, and its ability to handle situations. There are emergency response teams set up by the SCDF, such as the Company Emergency Response Team (CERT), Evacuation Wardens, and Incident Managers. There were clear roles, skills, tools, and training needs for these teams. Systematic plans for getting out and what to do in case of an emergency were made. These plans included ways to leave, stay put, fight fires, do search and rescue, deal with injuries, and more.

Entire Site Layout Plan, Access Routes, Surroundings

Radiant Rise is at 101 Penang Road, where Penang Road and Orchard Road meet in Orchard Road, Singapore’s busiest shopping street. At the base of the 68-story tower, there are three levels of parking and loading docks. There is a main entry, shops, and places to eat and drink on the ground floor, which faces Penang Road. Two car routes can get people there: Penang Road and more-hidden Grange Road. People on foot can only get there by Penang Road or the underground walkways that connect to Orchard MRT stop. Paragon, Ngee Ann City, and The Cathay are some of the other big office buildings, hotels, homes, and shopping malls nearby.

Site Business Activities

There are mostly business renters in Radiant Rise from floors 5 to 68. These include global corporations, banks, tech companies, and company offices. In an office, people usually do paperwork, talk to clients, and have company events and parties. There are shops on the ground floor, such as coffee shops, bars, and food stores. On levels 2 through 4, there are banks that normal people can use. There are cafeterias for workers on floors 3 and 5. Often, supplies and goods are brought to loading docks in basements. There are usually about 10,000 people in the building during the week. They are office workers, tourists, and shoppers. It drops a lot on weekends and holidays.

Description of Selected Work-Premise

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Premise Floor Description, Staircases, Usage/Occupancy Type

Radan Rise is 68 stories high and 3 stories deep. The bottom floor has places to park and load things. On the upper floors, there are bathrooms and offices for services. That’s where the entrance, shops, and places to eat and drink are located. From levels 2 to 4, there are offices and bank rooms. From floor 5 to floor 68, one can rent office space. There is an area in the middle of each floor with bathrooms, kitchens, and meeting rooms (Abayomi et al., 2021). Open-plan office spaces surround this area. 4 protected stairwells in the middle of each office floor can be used as emergency exits. Additionally, the main hall has two flights of stairs and six public lifts. During normal work hours, there should be 150 to 200 people on each lift floor.

Premise Fire Protection Systems

Radiant Rise has a built-in fire safety system that was made and put in according to the Fire Code. A multi-sensor smoke detector and manual call point on each floor are part of the active systems. There is also a wet riser system with landing valves and hose reels on each floor, an automatic sprinkler system that covers all office floors, gaseous suppression systems (FM-200) for electrical rooms and data centres, fire-rated compartmentation and door protection, pressurisation and smoke extraction systems for stairs, and an emergency voice communicator. The passive systems include fire-resistant floors, walls and doors, as well as emergency lights and exit signs all over the building.

Description of Emergency Planning Organization

Executive Structures, Structure of WSH Committee

When there is an emergency, the Property Manager acts as the Management Representative and leads the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Committee. The Committee is made up of people from the property management company, big clients, shops, workers, and teams that take care of the fields. Its job is to make WSH rules, check on how well safety is being carried out, lower risks and give its approval to the emergency plan (Rai et al., 2020). Every year, the WSH Committee meets three times. If more meetings are needed for planning or in case of an emergency, they can be set up.

Structure of Emergency Planning Team

The Emergency Planning Team (EPT) is in charge of making sure the building has the right things in place in case of an emergency. The cross-functional EPT is led by the Chief Security Officer and includes the Safety Manager, the Engineering Manager, the HR Manager, and people from the big renters. The EPT’s job is to find dangers, rate risks, and make plans and procedures for what to do in case of an emergency. Sets the rules for how to handle emergencies, forms the response teams, and works out what tools and how many people are needed. The EPT gets together once a month to plan training and drills, talk about problems or gaps in being ready for disasters, and make sure everyone is following the rules. In an emergency, the EPT is in charge of active event management, which means they are in charge of the direct response actions.

Description of Potential Hazard-Scenarios & Impacts

Premise Threats/Hazards, Potential Scenarios/Impacts

As a tall business block in a busy city, Radiant Rise could be hit by many natural and man-made tragedies. Most likely, there will be fires and explosions. These could be caused by problems with the electricity, cooking fires, murder, or gas leaks. A fire could start because there are many buildings, tools, burning materials, and hot work going on. Fires can kill people, hurt property, and close down businesses (Aruru et al., 2021). The fear of terrorism is also very high. When there is an active shooter, the building could be hit with bombs, chemical or biological weapons, or people with guns.

The earth can shake and cause other natural tragedies that hurt people and damage buildings. Also, because Singapore is warm, heavy rain, lightning, and storms can flood the city and cause strong winds that could damage power lines or building parts. Some of the other things that could happen are chemical or fuel spills, power outages, lift accidents, fights at work, and medical emergencies. People’s safety could be at risk, property and assets could be lost, the business could have problems staying stable, the company could have legal issues, and its image could be hurt.

Description of Work-Premise Response Planning

Radiant Rise has a full emergency response plan that includes the strategies, methods, and resources that will be used in different types of situations. This is to lower the risks and dangers that have been identified. The idea behind the plan comes from the national Civil Defence Sheltering Concept. This concept says that people should be able to leave in safe ways, find shelter in temporary holding areas, and get disaster supplies until the issue is fixed. As things get worse, it tells people what to do: call for help, leave, stay put, lock down a building, deal with injuries, and work with the authorities.

Through tier-categorization, Radiant Rise has its own Company Emergency Response Team (CERT) (Meghana et al., 2021). The Singapore Civil Defence Force has taught them how to follow emergency plans for fires, rescue, escape, and public safety. To help the CERT, there are also first aiders, floor emergency wardens, a cleaning team, and a crisis recovery team. A new set of response processes, contact lists, material inventories, and site maps have been added to the plan. Train, drill, check and review staff daily as part of the plan to make sure that everyone is always ready.

Premise Tier-Level

According to the SCDF’s National CERT standards, Radiant Rise is a Tier-3 location because it has a lot of people living or working there, a complicated mixed-use plan with many uses, and certain life-hazard risks like underground areas and the need to evacuate quickly from a high floor. As a Tier-3 facility, it needs to have better disaster preparation, such as a Company disaster action Team (CERT) that is trained and equipped to do things like burning, rescuing, escape, cleaning, and first action to incidents. The SCDF gives the Premise-CERT members a lot of training to make sure they meet the requirements set out in the Operations Civil Emergency Responder (OpCER) syllabus.

Various Response Teams’ Competency & Equipping

Radiant Rise has the following major emergency response teams, what they can do, and what gear they have: It is easy for the Incident Management Team (IMT) to deal with crises, talk to people, and work with the cops. The SCDF trains the Company Emergency Response Team (CERT) a lot in how to put out fires, look for and save people, and deal with dangerous materials. They have emergency tools, chemical spill kits, and safety gear for themselves, as well as fire extinguishers and hoses. The Escape Warden Team (EWT) can plan either a full or partial escape as long as certain guardian steps are taken.

The In-Place Protection Team (IPPT) is ready to make sure that people who choose to shelter in place are safe, to shut down buildings, and to figure out how much damage has been done (Qi and Hu, 2020). The Emergency Assembly Area Team (EAAT) knows how to keep waiting places safe and have people who need to leave take care of their things. There are times when the Traffic Warden Team (TWT) decides how people and cars can enter and leave the building. First responders and the Decontamination Team know how to keep people alive, care for them, and clean up. There are enough cleaning and emergency materials on-site. They are in charge of keeping the business going, fixing any damage, and dealing with all the people who have a stake in the situation.

Premise’s Evacuation Strategy

Radiant Rise’s escape plan depends on what the emergency is and whether the whole building needs to be evacuated or just some of it. The plan focuses on a safe, organised, and sequential escape going up and down the 4 covered internal exit stairwells on each floor. People are told to leave by following the directions of the floor wardens and the lit exit signs. Voice contact systems are used to give directions in real-time. For low-rise floors that are affected, a full evacuation starts after the alarm goes off and a statement is made.

Warden for evacuation teams with more than one job helps people gather in marked waiting areas so that accounting and monitoring can be done. People who live in high-rise rooms that won’t be affected right away should follow the “shelter-in-place” instructions until a partial evacuation is called if one is needed. The first floors are evacuated in reverse chronological order using a constitutional method and only internal stairwells. In either case, the Incident Manager is in charge of coordinating the work of all reaction teams, keeping track of resources, and talking to the authorities. The CERT can do things like put out fires or free people who are stuck.

Premise’s Incident Intervention Strategy

Radiant Rise’s emergency response plan gives the CERT and reaction teams a step-by-step plan for how to stabilise an emergency by taking action. As soon as they get a warning, the CERT is sent to the scene of the event to assess the situation, set up control measures, and take action as per their training and standard operating procedures (SOPs). This could include putting out fires, saving people, cleaning up a chemical spill, or helping people who are hurt. The voice contact system, automatic fire alarm settings, and BMS system help the CERT quickly figure out where the event is happening and what kind of problem it is (Beyramijam et al., 2021).

They put on the right PPE, get the tools and equipment they need, and then use the stairwells and exit passageways to get to the scene of the accident. At the same time, the Incident Manager makes public comments about what needs to be done, such as whether people should flee, stay put, or go into lockdown. Other support teams, such as Wardens, First Aiders, and Traffic Wardens, are called in to help with the evacuation, give first aid, or keep an eye on the exits and escape routes. The CERT tries to limit, control, and lessen the effects of the event before calling for help from outside sources if they can’t handle the situation themselves. The most important thing is to keep people safe while also protecting land and valuables.

Description of Premise-ERP Formulation Process

How the Premise-ERP was formulated

The Radiant Rise Premise Emergency Response Plan (Premise-ERP) was made using the standards in the 2019 “Company Emergency Response Plan” paper from the Singapore Civil Defence Force. The first step was to put together the Emergency Planning Team (EPT), which was made up of key employees from the property management business, the building’s management, and safety and security teams. The Chief Security Officer was in charge of this cross-functional EPT.

First, the EPT did a full risk assessment to find possible threats and dangers that could affect the building based on its location, use, design, and activities. Because Radiant Rise is a high-rise mixed-use building with business, shopping and public spaces, it needed a full risk study. The risk estimate looked at natural and man-made threats, such as earthquakes, storms, and bad weather. Man-made threats included fires, blasts, and social unrest. Each possible outcome was looked at to see how likely it was to happen and how bad the effects could be to decide how to prioritise planning (Farcas et al., 2021).

At the same time, a thorough examination of the building’s plan, construction, fire safety systems, utilities, and emergency exits was carried out to picture the reaction capabilities, resources, and holes that needed to be filled.

Based on SCDF rules, the EPT used the risk profiles and property information to figure out the right tier-categorization for Radiant Rise. As a high-rise mixed-occupancy business building with a lot of people living in it, it was labelled a Tier-3 premise that needed better disaster planning. Next, the response planning process laid out the main emergency response teams that needed to be put together.

These included the Incident Management Team (IMT), the Company Emergency Response Team (CERT), the Evacuation Warden Team, the Fire Safety Managers, the Decontamination Teams, and more. It was decided on who would do what, how many people would be in charge, and who would report to whom. The SCDF gave CERT members organised training to help them learn specific tactical skills for things like fires, search and rescue, chemical operations, and more (Shmueli et al., 2021). Other teams got useful training, like evacuating, giving first aid, handling traffic, and so on.

Based on the risks and strengths of the people who would be working there, the EPT also decided what tools and resources would be needed, such as firefighting systems, protection gear, relief tools, cleaning equipment, and medical supplies. With teams and skills in place, detailed reaction plans and processes were made to cover all possible emergencies. These included reporting and escalating incidents, calling in reaction teams, command and control, escape plans, “shelter-in-place” instructions, shutdowns, cleaning, managing casualties, and more (Skryabina et al. 2020). It was planned out what the layout, gathering spots, staging areas, accessways, and traffic paths would look like on the property. There were set-up ways to work together with public emergency systems.

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All of these parts were included in the full ERP document, along with emergency contact lists, up-to-date resource inventories, instructions, and areas for keeping records as required by the SCDF. To make sure the ERP works well and is still relevant, it is set up to do regular reviews, changes, tests, and checks. The EPT gets together regularly to talk about what they’ve learned, keep processes up to date, and make sure that Radiant Rise’s disaster readiness is always getting better based on the latest standards and best practices around the world.

Conclusion

Strong emergency planning, the creation of cross-functional reaction teams, and clear rules for how to handle and respond to different types of situations are all part of it. All of the important groups, like the renters, security, gardens, and property management teams, helped make the plan. It looked at the safety measures, risk scores, and unique aspects of the high-rise mixed-use building. The plan gives Radiant Rise the tools it needs to keep people safe, protect property, and keep companies going easily by planning and getting better at what they do.

Radiant Rise will always be ready to go because the plan will always be useful and will be trained, practised, checked, and reviewed. There is a lot of work being done with the EPT, based on lessons learned and the latest rules and best practices in the business. The Property’s Tier-3 reacting skills come from having a lot of emergency plans in place. There is a well-equipped CERT in-house, as well as trained police officers, first responders, and support teams. This helps Radiant Rise’s reputation as a great place to work that cares about its workers’ safety and the security of the company.