Statistics and Data Analysis – Sleep Deprivation Study Singapore

Description Of The Study

Chronic sleep deprivation has been a growing concern in recent years due to its detrimental effects on multiple aspects of a person’s life. A group of sleep scientists would like to identify factors that are associated with chronic sleep deprivation so that they may offer solutions to alleviate this problem in Singapore. They sent out an email to all employees working in 7 major banks in Singapore to complete an online survey. All employees were highly encouraged to respond to the survey. They were given 1 month to complete the survey and received weekly email reminders to do so.

Dataset

The data collected from the study are presented in HBC203 ECA Dataset.csv. The table in the Appendix summarises the information gathered in the study and the response options for each question (if there were any).

Report

Structure your report in the following manner:

1. Introduction

(a) Briefly explain why it is important to address the growing concern on chronic sleep deprivation in Singapore.

(b) Identify FOUR research questions that you want to answer with this dataset.

• You must only use variables that are either already existing in the dataset or variables that you can create from the existing ones.
• You may change the scale of measurement of the variables (e.g., from continuous to categorical), if needed.
• You may use a subset of survey respondents in the dataset, where appropriate.
• If you choose to change the scale of measurement of the variables or use a subset of survey respondents, you must justify why you are doing so in your report.
• To show your ability to analyse different types of data, you must use at least TWO different analysis methods. In other words, you should not use the same analysis method (e.g., correlation) to answer all four research questions.

2. For EACH research question that you have identified:

(a) Write a short literature review to explain why it is important to investigate the research question.

• Use at least 2 academic references (e.g., journal articles, book chapters) per research question and cite all references in APA7 format.
• You may use references or research studies conducted in any country i.e., it does not have to be limited to Singapore.

(b) Clearly state what you expect to see in your analysis results (i.e., your prediction) and explain your prediction using findings from existing research.

(c) Conduct the analysis using Jamovi and report your results in the manner stated below:

• Identify the most appropriate analysis method to answer the research question and explain why that is the most appropriate analysis to use.
• Provide a screenshot of all Jamovi output that you used to interpret the results from your analysis. If you had created new variables from existing ones in the dataset, clearly describe how these new variables were created and provide a screenshot of the Jamovi dataset with the new variables.
• Ensure that your screenshots are clear and easy to read at Word document Zoom setting of 100%. No marks will be awarded if the marker is unable to clearly and easily read the details (e.g., numbers) in your screenshots.
• Interpret the Jamovi output fully and report your results in APA format.

(d) Discuss the results from your analysis. Your discussion should minimally address these questions below:

• Do the results from your analysis support your prediction?
• How similar or different are your results from what is presented in the literature? Why might there be differences?
• What are the practical or theoretical implications of your results? That is, how can we use what you have found in your analysis?
• What are the key limitations in this study that could reduce the credibility of the results?
• How would you address the limitations (e.g., what other information would you collect if you were to conduct this study)?
• Justify what you would do to address the limitations (e.g., why would collecting additional information address the limitations).

3. Conclusion

Provide a summary of key findings and implications based on the analyses from the four research questions.

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Expert Answers on Above Statistics Case Study on Sleep Deprivation

Importance of addressing sleep deprivation in Singapore

Chronics sleep deprivation is the major health problem prevalent among Singaporeans and it has a negative overall impact on their productivity, mental health and overall well-being. Insufficient sleep often contributes negatively towards the effort of an individual and its impact is detrimental in a high pressure work environment. There are higher possibilities of making errors while at work and can have long term health effects such as stress and burnout.

Four research questions

Is there any relationship between working hours and sleep duration – analysis using correlation.
Is there any differences in the stress level across different roles at the workplace – analysis using independent samples t-test/Anova
Do caffeine consumption have any impact on sleep quality – analysis using chi-square test.
Is there any effect of screen time before bed on sleep duration- analysis using regression

Research question analysis

Working hours versus sleep duration – an analysis of the literature indicates that there is a positive relationship between long working hours and reduced sleep and fatigue. The prediction is therefore higher working hours contributes towards lower sleep duration. The analysis using correlation indicates the findings in consistent with prior research which suggest that working hours needs to be regulated to improve sleep.
Stress level across job roles – the literature review finding suggests that higher Job responsibility is directly related to increased level of stress. The prediction is therefore higher level of stress among senior employees, and the analysis using Anova revealed findings that differences may arise because of different coping mechanisms and it is important to have targeted stress management programs to support senior level employees.
Caffeine consumption vs sleep quality – The findings from the literature indicates that the impact of caffeine consumption is negative on the sleep quality. The prediction is therefore higher caffeine intake can lead to poor sleep quality, and the analysis of data using chi-square test suggests a positive association between caffeine intake and sleep quality which leads to the conclusion that there is a need to reduce the caffeine intake.
The findings from the entire analysis indicates that there is a significant impact of long working hours, high stress levels, caffeine consumption and screen time on sleep deprivation, and it is therefore important to have necessary workplace interventions and Public Health strategies to improve the sleep quality of Singaporeans.

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