Urban Security and Resilience – Delhi, Kathmandu & Bangkok

Scenario 

You are a policy analyst working for a regional urban resilience taskforce. The taskforce is preparing a new cross-regional Urban Resilience and Security Framework for rapidly changing capital cities in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Each city faces a different mix of risks and pressures. These include climate-related hazards, overcrowding, transport disruption, inequality, safety concerns in public space, pressure on housing and services, and increased dependence on digital systems for communication, governance, and emergency response.

The three cities under review are:

• Delhi
• Kathmandu
• Bangkok

You will compare the three cities and explore how each one could strengthen its resilience and security profile.

Question 1

Question 1a

 Explain the relationship between urban resilience and security in rapidly changing capital cities. Examine how this relationship is reflected in Delhi, Kathmandu, and Bangkok.

Question 1b

As part of the project, you have been tasked to formulate a basic urban resilience management framework. Identify and briefly discuss FIVE (5) main components and analyse how your framework could be applied across the three cities.

Question 1c

Measuring progress in urban resilience and security is often challenging. Describe the importance of metrics in urban resilience and security. In your answer, provide at least TWO (2) specific examples of why cities need clear metrics.

Formulate a set of FIVE (5) metrics that could be used to assess resilience and security across all three cities. Explain and justify why you chose these metrics and how they can be adapted across the three cities.

Your answer must refer to at least one official plan, dataset, policy report, or government/NGO source for each city. For each source, you must provide the full citation and indicate the specific page number, table, figure, section, or dataset field from which the information was taken. You should also explain how this evidence informed your choice of metrics.

Question 2

Discuss the concept of personal security in urban settings. Appraise how personal security concerns affect the daily lives of individuals by reflecting on your own experience in Singapore. To do this, you will include a series of FOUR (4) photos taken by yourself, showing public features that have helped shape your sense of personal security. Relate these visual observations to concepts discussed in class.

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Experts Answer on Above Questions on Urban Security

Relationship between urban resilience and security

There is a close relationship between urban resilience and security because it is not possible for a city to remain secure if it cannot absorb shocks, maintain essential services and recover quickly. With respect to Delhi, the security is directly associated with extreme heat, flooding, air pollution, population pressure and continuity of essential services. The Government of Delhi has identified climate related factors such as health, transportation, water resources and urban planning while the Heat Action Plan of the government indicates a specific process for heat preparedness and response. With respect to Kathmandu, the main resilience security connection is disaster preparedness, particularly the risk from earthquakes. The risk from earthquakes is significant as evidenced from the 2015 earthquake that damaged housing, infrastructure and services and it is therefore a major security problem. For Bangkok, the issues are in relation to flooding, congestion, rapid urbanisation, inequality and infrastructure dependance. That asilience strategy directly links resilience with being a safe, liveable and sustainable city.
In all these three cities, social vulnerability determines how severely a disruption affects residents.

Five components of urban resilience management framework

The first major component is risk identification and assessment which suggest that Delhi should prioritise heat/flood hotspots while Kathmandu should review vulnerable buildings to earthquakes and Bangkok perform a review of flooding and transportation disruption. The second major component is critical infrastructure and service continuity which requires strategies aimed at protecting hospitals, water, electricity, and emergency facilities along with proper backup arrangements in case of system failure.
The third important component is preparedness and emergency response whereby Delhi already has disaster plans that emphasize coordination and resource mobilization, while Kathmandu maintains a dedicated disaster management department and Bangkok has a strategy that aims at reducing community disaster risk. The fourth component is social inclusion and community resilience which should focus on target groups that are disproportionately affected by hazards, and involve communities in preparedness decisions. The final element is monitoring, learning and adaptive governance which requires establishing common indicators and revising policies when it is identified that the measures are ineffective.

Metrics and Measurement

Clear metrics are important because they convert the broad concept of resilience into something that managers can actually measure, compare and improve. They are important because they help in identifying whether the interventions are working, and secondly they also allow for comparison and resource prioritisation. The five important common metrics are critical service recovery time, emergency response time, population covered by early warning systems, vulnerable population exposure and disruption free critical transport.
Examples like the heat action plan 2025 by the government of Delhi, nepal earthquake disaster risk reduction situation report 2015, and resilient Bangkok- a strategy for a resilient Bangkok clearly indicates the need for interventions and evidence behind the metrics.

Personal security in an urban setting

Personal security in an urban setting indicates the ability of an individual to move through public spaces without any kind of fear of crime, accidents or harassment. With respect to Singapore, the country has a solid infrastructure with CCTV cameras, well-lit pedestrian routes, CCTV cameras, pedestrian crossing and clearly sign posted public spaces that significantly contribute towards stronger personal security.

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The analysis of urban resilience and security in Delhi, Kathmandu and Bangkok through risk management, resilience metrics, personal security and city specific policies above revealed important findings across each major city. With our security expert in Singapore, you can get detailed analysis for your similar type of security and risk management assignment. Not only with security, you can expect to get help across any major subject by visiting the assignment help page in Singapore. If you are still not comfortable, you can evaluate the quality of writing of all experts by checking recently solved answers from SUSS.

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