Pharmaceutical Science – Patient Counselling and Medication Management in Pharmacy

1) You are working as a pharmacy technician in a hospital pharmacy. You have been tasked to review the three patients below.

Patient A: A 55-year-old male with chronic eczema, concerned about long-term steroid use. He has no drug allergy and no other medical conditions.

Patient B: A 68-year-old female with osteoarthritis of the knee with a history of gastric irritation. She has no drug allergy and no other medical conditions.

Patient C: A 30-year-old female with hypothyroidism and poor medication adherence due to work schedule. She has no drug allergy and no other medical conditions.

For Patients A, B and C, you are to:

a) Identify ONE appropriate medication you have learnt in this module.

b) Explain ONE reason the medication is suitable, supported by a reliable reference source.

c) Determine ONE patient-specific limitation or risk when using the medication suggested in part a, supported by a reliable reference source.

d) Recommend TWO counselling or monitoring strategies according to the patient’s profile and what you have learnt in this module.

(15 marks)

2) The following week, you are attached to a community health screening programme for adults aged 40–65 in Singapore. Recent screening data indicate a high prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. You are tasked with developing content for a public education poster targeting ONE specific modifiable cardiovascular risk factor relevant to this population.

You must include the following:

a) List ONE specific risk factor, supported by local relevance in the Singapore context.

b) List TWO evidence‑based, non‑pharmacological strategies to address the selected risk factor. Justify with an appropriate reference for each.

c) For EACH strategy, illustrate with ONE example for the public how it can be implemented practically.

d) For EACH strategy, list ONE measurable outcome that can be easily used by the public to evaluate its effectiveness.

There is no need to create a visual poster; you only need to write down the content for your poster. Your content should be appropriate, feasible, and culturally relevant for adults aged 40–65 in Singapore.

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Experts Answer on Above Questions on Pharmacy Management

Patient Analysis

In respect to a patient A that is suffering from chronic Eczema, the appropriate medication is hydrocortisone 1% cream because it helps in reducing inflammation caused to the skin, and also deals with redness and itching. However the risk from using it over the long term period is the possibility of skin thinning, and the most suitable monitoring strategy is to make use of the cream only to the affected area and make you utilise it in a thin layer.

For patient B suffering from Osteoarthritis with gastric irritation, the most suitable medication is paracetamol because it provides relief from pain especially for osteoarthritis and also has a lower risk of gastric irritation. However the risk from using excessive paracetamol is liver toxicity, and it is therefore best to not utilise excessively.

Finally with respect to patient C with hypothyroidism, the suitable medication is levothyroxine, as it helps in replacing deficient thyroid hormone and the most suitable treatment for hypothyroidism. Risk from poor compliance is fatigue and weight gain and it is considered best to take it during the morning time on an empty stomach.

Public education poster

Selected cardiovascular risk factor – The risk factor selected is hypertension with high blood pressure, and it is highly relevant in the Singaporean context because it is a common risk factor identified within Singaporeans and contributes significantly towards heart disease and stroke. Best strategies to address the risk are to reduce the sodium intake and choose lower sodium options, and secondly to increase the physical activity to ensure the blood pressure remains within control.

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